missed a statutory deadline<\/a> and dismissing it Monday after a three-week trial.<\/p>\nBut the trial put on record details of internal battles that presaged today\u2019s societal and political debates over AI\u2019s impacts and costs.<\/p>\n
\u201cIt\u2019s sort of hard to imagine at this point, given where AI has gotten,\u201d testified Kevin Scott, Microsoft’s chief technology officer, as he explained to jurors why his company opted to invest billions of dollars to help build OpenAI’s technology after founding donor Musk quit OpenAI’s board in 2018.<\/p>\n
\u201cIt was before ChatGPT,” Scott said. “It was before these remarkable things that are happening right now and so most of the people at Microsoft were very skeptical about whether or not all of these claims were going to materialize into reality.\u201d<\/p>\n
Microsoft, a defendant in the lawsuit, at the time was also looking for a way to compete with Google in AI research. OpenAI told Microsoft what they needed was more data and more computing resources \u2014 and if they had that, their AI systems would grow far more powerful.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe things that they wanted and ultimately that we helped them do were very capital-intensive projects like building giant data centers, full of very expensive computers and networks,\u201d Scott said.<\/p>\n
It remains in dispute how much profit was the prime motivator for the shift to OpenAI\u2019s capitalistic enterprise, which is not yet profitable but likely headed for an initial public offering as soon as later this year. <\/p>\n
What is clear, however, is how the costs involved constrained the company’s options. <\/p>\n
More than five years before OpenAI introduced ChatGPT, the company had a breakthrough when it taught an AI system to beat professional players of Dota 2, a multiplayer video game featuring ogres, centaurs and other fantastical creatures.<\/p>\n
\u201cHonestly, the world reacted to it somewhat less than I thought they should have, but to us internally, it really felt like a moment where we had shown that our technology, using something called reinforcement learning, could take on an enormously complex task,” Altman testified.<\/p>\n
OpenAI’s livestreamed victory against a top Dota 2 player at a Seattle competition in 2017 made the tiny nonprofit a major contender against Google, which was then seen as the leader in AI research. It also led to some soul-searching about how OpenAI could compete when it was a nonprofit, largely dependent on Musk and other donors. <\/p>\n
\u201cHe was impressed,\u201d Altman said of Musk. \u201cAnd then immediately after the Dota win, Mr. Musk said he thought we really need to get more serious and figure out how to get way more capital.\u201d<\/p>\n
For another co-founder and OpenAI’s former chief scientist, Ilya Sutskever, the Dota victory was the beginning of discussion about whether OpenAI should create a for-profit company to more easily raise money. <\/p>\n
\u201cThe realization is that to make progress in AI, you need a big computer,” Sutskever told jurors. “And you need the big computer because the brain is a big computer. You have a hundred billion neurons and a hundred trillion synapses in the brain.\u201d<\/p>\n
What followed was a battle of wills \u2014 with Altman and Musk vying for leadership of OpenAI and Musk later trying to fold the AI laboratory into his car company Tesla. The other OpenAI leaders resisted, and Musk eventually quit. <\/p>\n
___<\/p>\n
AP Technology Writer Barbara Ortutay contributed to this story. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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