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WASHINGTON — <\/span>Jay Allen is a fan of President Donald Trump<\/a>, and voted for him on the belief that the Republican would cut taxes<\/a> and trim regulations, helping his manufacturing business in northeast Arkansas.<\/p>\n But the tariffs at the core of Trump’s economic agenda<\/a> have wreaked havoc on his company, Allen Engineering Corp., which makes industrial equipment used to install, finish and pave concrete. The import taxes<\/a> have raised the costs of engines, steel, gearboxes and clutches made abroad that Allen needs to build power trowels that can sell for up to $100,000 each.<\/p>\n Allen\u2019s experience embodies a growing body of evidence that the tariffs that Trump said would help American factories are, in fact, squashing many of them. The problem could get worse as the administration scrambles to craft new tariffs<\/a> to replace the emergency import taxes<\/a> that the Supreme Court ruled illegal in February<\/a>.<\/p>\n Allen said he ran his company at a loss in 2025 because of tariffs. His payroll has fallen to 140 workers from a peak of 205. To get by this year, he has hiked prices by 8% to 10%, even though that might mean fewer sales.<\/p>\n \u201cWhat\u2019s really sad is the unintended consequences of his tariffs are hurting manufacturing in our country,\u201d said Allen. \u201cUnfortunately, the working-class people are getting squeezed.\u201d<\/p>\n Trump\u2019s core rationale for tariffs<\/a> has been that they would force more factories to open in the U.S. and would generate enough revenue to close federal budget deficits. But that hasn\u2019t materialized<\/a> so far.<\/p>\n Factories continue to shed workers, with 98,000 manufacturing jobs lost<\/a> during Trump\u2019s first full 12 months back in the White House. American companies that foot the bill for tariffs are now suing the Trump administration<\/a> for more than $130 billion in tariff refunds. Meanwhile, the federal deficit is projected to climb<\/a> over the next decade.<\/p>\n The White House maintains that construction spending is high, more workers are being hired to build factories, new investments are being made and labor productivity in manufacturing is increasing \u2014 which could eventually fuel a factory revival.<\/p>\n \u201cIt takes time to get production online, and therefore it will be some more time before we fully materialize the benefits of the president\u2019s policies,\u201d Pierre Yared, the acting chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers, said in an email.<\/p>\n Some of the bright spots in construction cited by the White House appear to be the result of programs launched by Joe Biden.<\/p>\n Factory construction spending began to accelerate in 2022 with the anticipation of government support from Biden\u2019s CHIPS and Science Act<\/a>, which included big subsidies for computer chip plants. The law was a primary contributor to a historic surge in the annualized rate of construction spending on manufacturing facilities, said Skanda Amarnath, executive director of the economic policy group Employ America.<\/p>\n Construction spending on factories has slipped during Trump\u2019s presidency, but the pace remains relatively high largely because of continuing work on Biden-era projects in Arizona, Texas and Idaho, Amarnath said.<\/p>\n Amarnath has also gone through the interviews regional Federal Reserve banks have held with businesses. Those comments show some companies might expand by taking advantage of Trump’s tax breaks on investments in equipment and new buildings. <\/p>\n But while the pharmaceutical drug sector might be expanding, the comments show no overall uptick in manufacturing because of Trump\u2019s tariffs.<\/p>\n \u201cYou don\u2019t get the sense that there is this new manufacturing renaissance under way,\u201d Amarnath said.<\/p>\n Based on orders, proclamations and other statements, Trump has taken more than 50 actions on tariffs so far \u2014 and that tally doesn\u2019t include the tariffs threats he regularly makes on social media or in conversations with reporters, but hasn\u2019t formally put in place.<\/p>\n The flurry of announcements<\/a>, reversals, exemptions and legal challenges \u2014 as well as Trump\u2019s decision to bypass Congress to impose tariffs \u2014 has made it difficult for smaller manufacturing companies to plan.<\/p>\n For example, Allen Engineering imports its 75-horsepower diesel engines from Germany. Building them in the United States would require a $20 million investment \u2014 a huge risk if the status of the tariffs are unclear.<\/p>\n Are engine-makers \u201cgoing to spend that kind of money to move production from Germany to the U.S. when they don\u2019t know what the landscape is going to be in three years?\u201d Allen said. \u201cI don\u2019t know who is going to be in the White House, and what the stance is going to be on these tariffs.\u201d<\/p>\n Joseph Steinberg, an economist at the University of Toronto, said research shows that under the best-case scenario \u201cit would take a decade for manufacturing employment to rise above where it was before tariffs were enacted.\u201d<\/p>\n But Steinberg said \u201cthe current situation is nothing like the \u2018best case,\u2019\u201d since U.S. trade policy is unsettled and that leaves companies reluctant to expand.<\/p>\n About 98% of U.S. manufacturing establishments have fewer than 200 workers, according to Census Bureau data, and don\u2019t have the kind of name-brand recognition or lobbying heft to minimize the damage from tariffs that big players like Apple, General Motors and Ford possess.<\/p>\n The Association of Equipment Manufacturers in February reported that America\u2019s share of global manufacturing severely lags China’s. The group has urged tax credits to offset the expense of tariffs, and specifically called for tariff relief on raw materials, parts and components that cannot be acquired domestically at scale.<\/p>\n Steel tariffs<\/a> have been a particular concern. Trump imposed them last March and hiked them to 50% in June. They were not affected by the Supreme Court decision.<\/p>\n Trump has credited the tariffs with restoring profits at American steel mills. But they have hurt companies that use that steel, like Calder Brothers in South Carolina, which makes equipment to pave asphalt.<\/p>\n \u201cThe steel tariffs were the first thing that got my attention,\u201d said Glen Calder, the company\u2019s president. \u201cMy steel pricing jumped 25% two weeks before the tariffs went into effect for domestic steel. The market price just jumped. It has stayed elevated.\u201d<\/p>\n Part of Trump\u2019s push to expand manufacturing was to help American companies compete against China<\/a> \u2014 a country he plans to visit this spring<\/a> for talks with its leader, Xi Jinping.<\/p>\n But the U.S. manufacturing trade imbalance rose last year under Trump instead of narrowing. Meanwhile, China\u2019s trade surplus with the world climbed to a record $1.2 trillion.<\/p>\n This trend exposes one of the big problems with Trump\u2019s tariff strategy, said Lori Wallach, director of the Rethink Trade program at American Economic Liberties Project. She noted that he largely bypassed Congress and failed to address gaps in the World Trade Organization\u2019s rules for the trade frameworks that he negotiated with other countries.<\/p>\n Instead of working with partners to ensure there were penalties for foreign manufacturers with abusive labor practices and unfair subsidies, Trump chose against rallying partners to counter China as a unified group. American manufacturers are at a disadvantage, Wallach argued, because there is not a coalition of nations that can impose penalties for currency manipulation, subsidies and schemes to evade tariffs.<\/p>\n \u201cThe general revulsion of this administration to international cooperation means they\u2019re trying to do it alone,\u201d Wallach said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n