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MIAMI — <\/span>Felipe Hernandez Espinosa spent 45 days at \u201c Alligator Alcatraz<\/a>,\u201d an immigration holding center in Florida where detainees have reported worms in their food,<\/a> toilets that don’t flush and overflowing sewage. Mosquitoes and other insects are everywhere. <\/p>\n For the past five months, the 34-year-old asylum-seeker has been at an immigration detention camp at the Fort Bliss Army base in El Paso, Texas, where two migrants died in January<\/a> and which has many of the same conditions, according to human rights groups. Hernandez said he asked to be returned to Nicaragua but was told he has to see a judge. After nearly seven months in detention, his hearing was scheduled for Feb. 26.<\/p>\n Prolonged detention has become more common in President Donald Trump’s second term, at least partly because a new policy generally prohibits immigration judges<\/a> from releasing detainees while their deportation cases wind through backlogged courts. Many, like Hernandez, are prepared to give up any efforts to stay in the United States.<\/p>\n \u201cI came to this country thinking they would help me, and I\u2019ve been detained for six months without having committed a crime,\u201d he said in a phone interview from Fort Bliss. \u201cIt is been too long. I am desperate.\u201d<\/p>\n The Supreme Court ruled in 2001 that Immigration and Customs Enforcement cannot hold immigrants indefinitely, finding that six months was a reasonable cap. <\/p>\n With the number of people in ICE detention topping 70,000 for the first time, 7,252 people had been in custody at least six months in mid-January, including 79 held for more than two years, according to agency data. That’s more than double the 2,849 who were in ICE custody at least six months in December 2024, the last full month of Joe Biden’s presidency.<\/p>\n The Trump administration is offering plane fare<\/a> and $2,600 for people who leave the country voluntarily. Yet Hernandez and others are told they can’t leave detention until seeing a judge.<\/p>\n The first three detainees that attorney Ana Alicia Huerta met on her monthly trip to an ICE detention center in McFarland, California, to offer free legal advice in January said they signed a form agreeing to leave the United States but were still waiting.<\/p>\n \u201cAll are telling me: \u2018I don\u2019t understand why I\u2019m here. I\u2019m ready to be deported,\u2019\u201d said Huerta, a senior attorney at the California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice. \u201cThat\u2019s an experience that I\u2019ve never had before.\u201d<\/p>\n A Chinese man has been held for more than a year without seeing an immigration judge, even though he told authorities he was ready to be deported. In the past, Huerta said, she encountered cases like this once every three or four months.<\/p>\n The Department of Homeland Security<\/a> did not address questions from The Associated Press about why more people are being held longer than six months.<\/p>\n \u201cThe conditions are so poor and so bad that people say, \u2018I\u2019m going to give up\u2019,\u201d said Sui Cheng, executive director at Americans for Immigrant Justice.<\/p>\n The waiting time may depend on the country. Deportations to Mexico are routine but countries including Cuba, Nicaragua, Colombia and Venezuela have at times resisted accepting deportees.<\/p>\n Among those detained for months are people who have won protection under the United Nations Convention Against Torture, who cannot be deported to their home country but may be sent elsewhere.<\/p>\n In the past, those migrants were released and could get a work permit. Not anymore, said Sarah Houston, managing attorney at Immigrant Defenders Law Center, who has at least three clients with protection under the U.N. torture convention who have been in custody for more than six months. One is from El Salvador, detained for three years. He won his case in October 2025 but is still in custody in California.<\/p>\n \u201cThey\u2019re just holding these people indefinitely,\u201d said Houston, noting that every 90 days, attorneys request the release of these migrants and ICE denies those requests. \u201cWe\u2019re seeing people who actually win their immigration cases just languishing in jail.\u201d<\/p>\n Hernandez, who doesn’t have a lawyer, said he signed documents requesting to be returned to his country or Mexico at least five times. An Oct. 9 hearing was abruptly canceled without explanation. He waited months with no news, until early February, when he learned his new hearing date.<\/p>\n Hernandez, who has allergies and needs a gluten-free diet that he says he hasn\u2019t been getting since November, was arrested in July on a lunch break from his job installing power generators in South Florida. His wife was detained with him but a judge allowed her to return to Nicaragua without a formal deportation order on Aug. 28.<\/p>\n Both crossed the Mexican border in 2022 and requested asylum<\/a>. He said he received death threats after participating in marches against co-presidents and spouses Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo<\/a>.<\/p>\n If he returns, they plan to go to Panama or Spain because they fear for their lives in Nicaragua, he said. His files say only that his case is pending.<\/p>\n Yashael Almonte Mejia has been detained eight months since the government sought dismissal of his asylum case in May 2025, said his aunt, Judith Mejia Lanfranco.<\/p>\n Since then, he has been transferred from a detention center in Florida to Texas to New Mexico.<\/p>\n In November, Almonte married his pregnant American girlfriend via a video call and became the father of a daughter he hasn’t seen in person. He was unable to attend the funeral of his sister who died in November.<\/p>\n \u201cHe has gone through depression. He has been very bad,\u201d his aunt said. \u201cHe is desperate and he doesn\u2019t even know what\u2019s going to happen.\u201d<\/p>\n Almonte, 29, came to the U.S. in 2024 and told authorities he cannot return to the Dominican Republic because he fears for his life. In January, he passed his initial asylum screening interview. <\/p>\n Some detainees are finding relief in federal court.<\/p>\n A Mexican man detained in October 2024 in Florida was held for a year even though he won a protection under the U.N. torture convention in March 2025.<\/p>\n \u201cTime was passing and I was desperate, afraid that they would send me to another country,\u201d said the 38-year-old, who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of being detained again. <\/p>\n \u201cI didn\u2019t know what was going to happen to me,\u201d he said, noting that immigration officials weren\u2019t giving him any answers.<\/p>\n The man said he had lived illegally in the United States from age 10 until he was deported. In Mexico, he ran his own business, but in 2023 decided to return and illegally crossed the border into the United States. He said he was looking for safety after being threatened by drug cartels who demanded monthly payments.<\/p>\n He was taking antidepressants when he found an attorney who filed a petition in federal court alleging he was being held illegally. He was freed in October 2025, seven months after a judge ordered his release.<\/p>\n But for Hernandez, the Nicaraguan asylum-seeker, desperation led him to request to be returned to the country he had fled.<\/p>\n \u201cI\u2019ve experienced a lot of trauma. It\u2019s very difficult,\u201d Hernandez said from Fort Bliss. \u201cI\u2019m always thinking about when I\u2019m going to get out.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n